Avascular necrosis is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Also called osteonecrosis, it can lead to tiny breaks in the bone and cause the bone to collapse. The process usually takes months to years.
A broken bone or dislocated joint can stop the blood flow to a section of bone. Avascular necrosis is also associated with long-term use of high-dose steroid medications and too much alcohol.
Reduced blood supply can be caused by:
- Joint or bone trauma.
- Fatty deposits in blood vessels.
- Some Medical conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and Gaucher’s disease
Risk Factors –
- Trauma
- Steroid use
- Drinking too much alcohol
- Bisphosphonate use
- Radiation therapy for cancer can weaken bone. Organ transplants, especially kidney transplants.
- Pancreatitis, Gaucher’s disease
- HIV/AIDS
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Sickle cell anemia
- divers’ disease or the bends
- Certain types of cancer, such as leukemia
Treatment –
The goal is to prevent further bone loss.
Medications
In the early stages of avascular necrosis.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Osteoporosis drugs.
Cholesterol-lowering drugs.
Medications that open blood vessels.
Blood thinners
Intervention –
PRP ( Platelet Rich Plasma)
BMAC ( Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate)
Surgery –
Hip Replacement